Structure of a composition
Most songs have some formal structure: intro, verse, and chorus, which is repeated over and over and finished with an outro. Other structures can include a bridge between the two main components. The bridge is often an instrumental solo or a piece of vocal improvisation.
Time Signature
A time signature is represented by two numbers, one above the other. The time signature tells us how notes are grouped together in a composition. The top number tells us the number of notes that are grouped in a bar. The bottom number tells us the type of notes (note quality) in the group.